Pattern and Syllabus of Entrance Examination for M.A./M.Sc./M.Tech./LL.M. (Post-Graduate) and M.A.-Ph.D./M.Sc.-Ph.D. Integrated Programmes

(A) Instructions regarding pattern of entrance examination

a. The question paper for the entrance examination will consist of sections N, G, H, I, J, K, L and M. (eight sections).

b. The questions in section N will be common to all candidates and it will consist of 40 multiple choice questions (MCQs).

c. Sections G, H, I, J, K, L and M will be pertaining to the fields of specialization and each of them will comprise of 60 MCQs.

d. Each question will have only one correct answer. Each correct answer to a question will carry ‘1’ (one) mark and an un-attempted question will carry ‘0’ (zero) mark.

e. There will be negative marking i.e., for each wrong answer ¼ (one by four) mark will be deducted from the score obtained.

(B) Details

a. The duration of entrance examination shall be 90 Minutes for all programmes

b.The questions in Section-N are based on general science, current events, general mental ability, reasoning and interactive English.

c. The questions in Section-G are based on specific topics of Biosciences and Environmental Science and Technology.

d.The questions in Section-H are based on specific topics of Environmental Law.

e. The questions in Section I are based on specific topics of Computer science & Technology

f. The questions in Section-J are based on specific topics of International Studies.

g. The questions in Section-K are based on specific topics of Comparative Literature.

h. The questions in Section-L are based on specific topics of Development Economics.

i. The questions in Section-M are based on specific topics of Chemical Sciences.

j. Candidates seeking admission for M.Sc./M.Sc.-Ph.D. Integrated Programme in Biosciences /Environmental Science and Technology have to attempt questions of sections N and G. Likewise the candidates for admission to other programmes will attempt questions from N and their respective section.

(C)Syllabus of Entrance Examination for M.A./M.Sc./M.Tech. (Post-Graduate) and M.A.-Ph.D./M.Sc.-Ph.D. Integrated Programmes

Section N
General Aptitude Test

1. General Science: General appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience.

2. Environmental Awareness: Pollution and its impacts, climate change, sustainable development.

3. Current Events: Knowledge of significant national and international events.

4. General Mental Ability and Reasoning: Reasoning and analytical abilities.

5. Elementary Computer Science: Basic computer awareness and its uses.

6. Interactive English: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence completion, usage, synonymous, antonymous, one word substitute, idioms/phrases, error detection and comprehension.

7. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Terminology and abbreviations used in ICT, applications of ICT in academics and research.

Section G
Biosciences, Environmental Science and Technology

1. Techniques: Principles and applications of microscopy, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, radioisotope techniques, electrophoresis and chromatographic separation techniques. Blotting and hybridization techniques.

2. Origin of life: Theories of evolution, genetic drift, speciation, cell organelles, cell division, modes of reproduction, principles of inheritance, epistasis, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, extra-chromosomal inheritance.

3. Genetic Material: DNA structure and replication, transcription and translation, chromosome structure, protein structure, mutability and repair of DNA, reverse genetics.

4. Basic Biotechnology: Recombinant DNA technology, principles of gene cloning, transposition, applications of biotechnology in medicine, industry and agriculture.

5. Environment: Organizational levels of biosphere, food chain and energy flow, population and community ecology, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity and its conservation, renewable & non-renewable resources, bioenergy and its prospects in India, forest management and sustainable development.

6. Plant systematics: Bryophytes, Tracheophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. Membrane structure and Ion transport, ATPase - structure and function, Photosynthesis, Photoperiodism, Vernalization, RUBISCO.

7. Animal systematics, physiology and diseases: Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Chordata, Protostomia; Anatomy and physiology of humans; major classes of bacterial and viral pathogens, Apoptosis and cancer, inherited diseases, animal cell culture.

Section H
Environmental Law

1. Constitutional Law: Environmental concerns in Constitution such as State, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties, Judicial Activism, VII schedule: provisions relating to Environment in three lists.

2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: Definitions, composition of Board, qualification and disqualification of members, functions and powers of the boards, provisions relating to prevention and control of pollution, procedure of appeal, penalty and offences, bar of jurisdiction clause.

3. The Air Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981: Definitions, composition of Board, qualification and disqualification of members, functions and powers of the boards, provisions relating to prevention and control of pollution, procedure of appeal, penalty and offences bar of jurisdiction clause.

4. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Object of the Act, Powers of the Central Government.

5. National Green Tribunal Act, 2010: Aims and objectives of the Act, Mechanism to provide compensation.

6. Legal Theory: Analytical School, Contribution of John Austin, Jeremy Bentham.

7. Historical School: Contribution of Fredrick Carl Von Savigny and Sir Henry Maine in the development of historical jurisprudence.

8. Sociological School: Social solidarity of Leon Duguit, social engineering by Roscoe Pound.

9. Realist School of Jurisprudence: Contribution of Justice Holmes, Prof Grey, Kari Llewlleyn, Oliver Crona. Jerome Frank.

10. Rights and duties: definitions of right, Kinds of Rights and Duties, Hohfield's theory of rights and duties.

11. Liability: doctrine of strict liability and absolute liability including case law.

12. Provisions relating to control of Pollution in:
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Section I
Computer Science and Technology

Engineering Mathematics

1. Theory of Probability:Axiomatic definition of Probability, Conditional ProbabilityBaye’s Theorem,; Random Variables Functions of random variables; Probability distributions: Binomial Poisson, Exponential and Normal distribution and their moment generating functions.

2. Set Theory & Algebra: Sets; Relations; Functions; Composition of function and relations, Groups; Partial Orders; Boolean Algebra.

3. Combinatorics: Permutations; Permutations with and without repetition; Combinations; generating functions; recurrence relations.

4. Graph and Trees: Introduction to graphs, Directed and Undirected graphs, Homomorphic and Isomorphic graphs, Subgraphs, Cut points and Bridges, Multigraph and Weighted graph, Paths and circuits, Shortest path in weighted graphs, Eurelian path and circuits, Hamilton paths and circuits, Planar graphs, Eulers’ formula, Trees, Spanning trees.

5. Linear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.

6. Calculus: Limit, Continuity & differentiability, Mean value Theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives, maxima & minima.

Computer Science and Technology

7. Theory of Computation:Finite Automata and Regular Expressions, Non-determinism and NFA, Properties of Regular Sets, Context free grammar:Chomsky Normal Form (CNF), Griebach Normal Form (GNF), Push-down automata, Moore and mealy Machines, Turing machines,

8. Digital Logic: Number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point), Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits, A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS.

9. Computer Organization and Architecture: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data-path, CPU control design, Memory interface, I/O interface (Interrupt and DMA mode), Instruction pipelining, Cache and main memory, Secondary storage.

10. Microprocessors and Interfacing: instruction set, Addressing modes, Memory interfacing, Interfacing peripheraldevices, Interrupts. Microprocessor architecture, Instruction set and Programming (8085),Microprocessor applications, DMA, Interrupt and Timer.

11. Programming and Data Structures: Programming in C; Functions, Recursion, Parameter passing, Definition of data structure. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, priorityqueues and heaps, Binary search trees.

12. Algorithms: Algorithm concepts, Analyzing and design, asymptotic notations and their properties, Worst and average case analysis; Design: Greedy approach, Dynamic programming, Divide-and-conquer; Tree and graph traversals, Spanning trees, Shortest paths; Hashing, Sorting, Searching.

13. Compiler Design: Assemblers, linkers, loaders, compilers and translators, the structure of a compiler, different states in the construction of a compiler, Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax directed translation, Runtime environments, Intermediate and target code generation, Basics of code optimization.

14. Operating System:Main functions of operating systems, Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency, Synchronization, Deadlock, CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, Resource scheduling. Deadlock and scheduling algorithms, Banker’s algorithm for deadlock handling.Memory management and virtual memory, File systems, I/O systems, DOS, UNIX and windows.

15. Databases: Database Concepts, ER-model, Data Models, Relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus), RAID, Database design (integrity constraints), Normalization (up to 4thNormal forms), BCNF (Boyce code normal forms), Query languages (SQL), Data mining & data warehousing,Transactions and concurrency control, Database security:Database security issues, Discretionary access control, Mandatory & role based access control, Database audit.

16. Computer Networks: OSI model, TCP/IP model, LAN technologies (Ethernet, Token ring), Transmission media - twisted pair, coaxial cables, fibre-optic cables, Flow and error control techniques, Routing algorithms, Congestion control, IP(v4), Application layer protocols (icmp, dns, smtp, pop, ftp, http); sliding window protocols;Internetworking: Switch/Hub, Bridge, Router, Gateways, Concatenated virtual circuits, Firewalls; Network Security: Cryptography - public key, secret key. Domain Name System (DNS) - Electronic Mail andWorld wide Web (WWW).

17. Web technologies: HTML, XML, basic concepts of client-server computing.

Section J
International Studies

1. Geography: Physical setting, Natural resources, Climatology, Oceanography, Economic, Political and Population geography.

2. Social, Economic and Political History of India: Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian history, Indian society and economy, Religious life and culture, British colonialism, social Institutions, civilization perspectives, contemporary social and cultural issues, Nationalism, freedom movement, Post independent India and Globalization.

3. World History: French revolution, Russian revolution, First world war, Vienna Convention, League of Nations, Rise of Germany, Japan and Italy, Second world war, the United Nations and its organs/agencies, Cold war, Disintegration of Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Central Asia .

4. Government and Politics in India: Colonial legacies, Constitutional framework and Governmental structure, Relationship between Centre and State Governments, Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, judicial activism, Public Interest Litigation, Political parties, Regionalism, Caste, Communalism, Tribal communities, Human rights.

5. Economic Development: Approaches and Models of growth and development, Indian economy, Economic indicators, National income, Agriculture, Industry, Taxes, Money and banking, International trade.

Section K
Comparative Literature

1. History of English and Indian Literatures: General trends

2. Literary Terms: Allegory, ballad, blank verse, comedy, connotation and denotation, dissociation of sensibility, dramatic monologue, elegy, enlightenment, epic, fancy and imagination, free verse, imitation, intentional fallacy, meter, motif, ode, onomatopoeia, paradox, plot, point of view, satire, soliloquy, sonnet, tragedy, wit etc.

3. Literary Genres: Fiction and non-fiction (traditional and modern classification); autobiography, biography, diary, drama, essay, novel, poetry, prose, short story etc; types and sub-types.

4. Comparative Literature: Definition, scope, aims and objectives; key terms, literary historiography, myth, motif etc.

5. Literary trends and literary movements: Aestheticism, modernism and post-modernism, mysticism, naturalism, progressivism, realism, revolutionary literature, romanticism.

6. Elementary knowledge of famous authors and texts: From Indian, Western and Classical literature.

7. Awareness of current literary trends, events, activities, awards etc.

Section L
Development Economics

1. Micro Economics: Theories of demand, Production and costs, Equilibrium in perfect competition, Monopoly and monopolistic competition, Determination of rent, Wages, Interest (Classical view only) and profit.

2. Macro Economics: Classical and Keynesian Models of income determination, Working of multiplier and accelerator, Marginal efficiency of capital and investment - Classical and Keynesian approaches to demand for money, Samuelson and Hicks Models of Trade Cycle.

3. Mathematics and Statistics: Differentiation, Integration and their economic applications, Correlation and Regression Analysis, Index Numbers and addition and multiplication Law of Probability.

4. Public Finance and International Trade: Concept of impact, Shifting and incidence of tax, Effects of taxation and public expenditure on production and distribution, Budgetary classification of public expenditure, Public debt. Theories of Absolute Advantage, Comparative advantage and Heckscher-Ohlin, Reciprocal demand; Concepts and components of balance of trade and balance of payments, Exchange rate and its determination.

5. Economic Development: Dualism, Lewis and Nurkse Model of Unlimited supply of labour; Classical, Marxian, Schumpeter, Keynesian and Harrod-Domar models; Theories of balanced growth and Big push, The unbalanced growth and critical Minimum Effort Thesis; Import replacing vs. export oriented industrialization, Choice of technique.

6. Indian Economy: Population and economic development, Factors determining agricultural productivity, Industrial development during planning period, Land reforms and Green Revolution, India's balance of payments problem, current five year plan; New economic reforms: Liberalization, privatization and globalization.

Section M
Chemical Sciences (Medicinal Chemistry)

1. Basic mathematical concepts: Differential equations, vectors and matrices.

2. Atomic Structure: Fundamental particles. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom; Wave-particle duality; Uncertainty principles; Schrodinger's wave equation; Quantum numbers, shapes of orbitals; Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle.

3. Theory of Gases: Kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law; Equipartition of energy.

4. Chemical Thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes; First law of thermodynamics and its application to ideal and non-ideal gases; Criteria for spontaneity.

5. Chemical and Phase Equilibria: Law of mass action; Kp , Kc, Kx and Kn ; Effect of temperature on K; Ionic equilibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions; Hydrolysis; Solubility product; Phase equilibria-Phase rule and its application to one-component and two-component systems; Colligative properties.

6. Electrochemistry: Conductance and its applications; Transport number; Galvanic cells; EMF and Free energy; Concentration cells with and without transport; Polarography.

7. Chemical Kinetics: Reactions of various order, Arrhenius equation, Collision theory; Theory of absolute reaction rate; Chain reactions - Normal and branched chain reactions; Enzyme kinetics; Photophysical and photochemical processes; Catalysis.

8. Basic concepts in Organic Chemistry: Isomerism and nomenclature, electronic (resonance and inductive) effects.

9. Aromaticity and Huckel's rule: Mono- and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

10. Organic reaction mechanism and synthetic applications: Methods of preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes and their simple functional derivatives. Mechanism and synthetic applications of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Stereochemistry and mechanism of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. Mechanism of aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, esterification and ester hydrolysis, Cannizzaro reaction, benzoin condensation. Perkin reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Synthesis of simple molecules using standard reactions of organic chemistry. Grignard reagents, cetoacetic and malonic ester chemistry.

11. Heterocyclic Chemistry: Monocyclic compounds with one hetero atom.

12. Qualitative Organic Analysis: Functional group interconversions, structural problemsusing chemical reactions, identification of functional groups by chemical tests.

13. Periodic Table: Periodic classification of elements and periodicity in properties; general methods of isolation and purification of elements.

14. Chemical bonding and shapes of compounds: Types of bonding; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; hybridization; dipole moment; ionic solids; structure of NaCl, CsCl, diamond and graphite; lattice energy.

15. Main group elements (s and p blocks): Chemistry with emphasis on group relationship and gradation in properties; structure of electron deficient compounds of main group elements and application of main group elements.

16. Transition metals (d block): Characteristics of 3d elements; oxide, hydroxide and salts of first row metals; coordination complexes; VB and Crystal Field theoretical approaches for structure, colour and magnetic properties of metal complexes.

17. Analytical Chemistry: Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; acid-base, oxidation reduction and precipitation reactions; use of indicators; use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis; radioactivity; nuclear reactions; applications of isotopes.