Pattern and Syllabus of Entrance Examination for M.Phil.-Ph.D./M.Pharm.-Ph.D. Integrated Programmes and M.Pharm.Programme

(A) Instructions regarding pattern of entrance examination

a. The question paper for entrance examination will consist of sections A, B, C, D, E and F(Six sections).

b. Section A will be common to all candidates and it will consist of 40 multiple choicequestions (MCQs).

c. Sections B, C, D, E and F will pertain to the fields of specialization and each of these will consist of 60 MCQs.

d. Each question will have only one correct answer. Each correct answer to a question will carry ‘1’ (one) mark and an un-attempted question will carry ‘0’ (zero) mark.

e. There will be negative marking i.e., for each wrong answer ¼ (one by four) mark will be deducted from the score obtained.

(B) Details

a. The duration of entrance examination shall be 90 minutes for all programmes.

b. The questions in Section-A are based on general science, current events, general mental ability, reasoning and interactive English.

c. The questions in Section-B are based on specific topics of Biosciences and EnvironmentalScience & Technology.

d. The questions in Section-C are based on specific topics of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicinal Chemistry).

e. The questions in Section-D are based on specific topics of South and Central Asian Studies.

f. The questions in Section-E are based on specific topics of Comparative Literature.

g. The questions in Section-F are based on specific topics of Development Economics.

h. Candidates seeking admission for M.Phil.-Ph.D. Integrated Programme in Biosciences orEnvironmental Science and Technology have to attempt questions of sections A and B. Likewise the candidates for admission to other programmes will attempt questions from their respective section.

(C)Syllabus of Entrance Examination for M.Phil.-Ph.D. /M.Pharm.-Ph.D. Integrated Programmes and M.Pharm. Programme

Section A
Aptitude Test

General aptitude

1. General Science: General appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience.

2. Environmental awareness: Pollution and its impacts, climate change, sustainable development.

3. Current events: Knowledge of significant national and international events.

4. General mental ability and reasoning: Reasoning and analytical abilities.

5. Elementary Computer Science: Basic computer awareness and its uses.

6. Interactive English: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence completion, usage, synonyms, antonyms, one word substitute, idioms/phrases, error detection and comprehension.

7. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Terminology and abbreviations used in ICT, applications of ICT in academics and research.

Research aptitude

1.Meaning, nature, significance and types of research.

2. End to end process of research, research proposal, synopsis, hypothesis, data collection, literature survey, sampling, interviewing, questionnaire, data processing, interpretation, report writing, bibliography.

3. Thesis/ Dissertation writing.

4. Article, research paper, seminar, conference, symposium, workshop etc.

5. Role of governing bodies/research organizations like UGC, CSIR, ICAR, ICSSR, ICPR, ISRO, DRDO etc. in research and development.

6. Role and use of computers in research.

Section B
Biosciences, Environmental Science & Technology

1. Instrumentation and Biostatistics: Principles and applications of microscopy, spectroscopic techniques, radioisotopic techniques, electrophoresis and separation techniques, biostatistics and its applications in data analysis.

2. Biotechnology: Genome organization, principles of gene cloning, transgenics, blotting and hybridization techniques, antisense RNA, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSRs and other molecular marker techniques, transposition, applications of biotechnology in agriculture, industry and medicine.

3. Genetics: Mendalism,Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping, mutations, sex determination and differentiation, central dogma, regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, cell cycle, apoptosis and necrosis.

4. Immunology: Immune system, complement systems and antigen-antibody reaction, innate and acquired immunity, components of immune response, lymphokines and interleukins, immunization methods & techniques, monoclonal antibodies and hybridomas.

5. Microbiology: Classification and Genetics of viruses and bacteria, fermentation, antibiotics and mechanism of action, nitrogen fixation, microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage, microbial animal and plant diseases, epidemiology and control of vector borne diseases (malaria, trypanosomiasis, filariasis, leishmaniasis etc.), tuberculosis and AIDS, waterborne diseases.

6. Physiology and Biochemistry: Enzymes and coenzymes, metabolism of biomolecules, animal hormones and mechanism of action, mammalian organ systems, nutrition, digestion and absorption, circulatory system, excretion and osmo-regulation, nerve conduction and neurotransmission, phytohormones, photosynthesis, photorespiration and photoperiodism.

7. Ecology: Organizational levels of biosphere, food chain and energy flow, population and community ecology, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity and its conservation, renewable, non-renewable resources, bioenergy and its prospects in India, forest management and sustainable development.

8. Atmospheric Chemistry: Composition of atmosphere, formation of particulate matter, nuclear particle emissions, fission and fusion, properties of different types of radioisotopes, air pollution and control, greenhouse gases and their effects, elements of climate and climatic control, history of global climate change and Milankovitch’s theory of climate change.

9. Environmental Toxicology and Management: Environmental toxicology, role of fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals, indices of toxicology, carcinogens, environmental carcinogenicity testing, molecular toxicology and genetic basis of carcinogenesis, detoxification and biotransformation, waste water management and treatment methods.

10. Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot's cycle, entropy, Gibb's free energy, catalysis, pH, pK, Henderson-Hesselbalch equation, acids, bases and buffers.

Section C
Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicinal Chemistry)

1. Medicinal Chemistry: Structure, nomenclature, classification, synthesis, SAR and metabolism of the following category of drugs, which are official in Indian Pharmacopoeia andBritish Pharmacopoeia. Hypnotics and Sedatives, Analgesics, NSAIDS, Neuroleptics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Anticonvulsants, Antihistaminics, Local Anaesthetics, Cardio Vascular drugs-Antianginal agents Vasodilators, Adrenergic & Cholinergic drugs, Cardiotonic agents, Diuretics, Anti-hypertensive drugs, Hypoglycemic agents, Antilipedmic agents,Coagulants,Anticoagulants,Antiplatelet agents. Introduction to drug design. Stereochemistry of drug molecules.Diagnostic agents.Preparation, storage and uses of official Radiopharmaceuticals, Vitamins and Hormones.Eicosanoids and their application.

2. Pharmaceutics: Development, manufacturing standards Q.C. limits, labeling, as per the pharmacopoeial requirements. Storage of different dosage forms and new drug delivery systems.Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their importance in formulation.

3. Pharmacology: General pharmacological principles including Toxicology. Drug interaction. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central nervous system, Cardiovascular system, Autonomic nervous system, Gastro intestinal system and Respiratory system. Pharmacology of Autocoids, Hormones, Hormone antagonists, chemotherapeutic agents including anticancer drugs.Bioassays,Immuno Pharmacology. Drugs acting on the blood & blood forming organs.Drugs acting on the renal system.

4. Natural products : Pharmacognosy&Phytochemistry- Chemistry, tests, isolation, characterization and estimation of phytopharmaceuticals belonging to the group of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Steroids, Bioflavanoids, Purines, Guggul lipids. Pharmacognosy of crude drugs that contain the above constituents.Standardization of raw materials and herbal products.Quantitative microscopy including modern techniques used for evaluation.Biotechnological principles and techniques for plant development, Tissue culture.

5. Clinical Pharmacy: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Dosage regimen in Pregnancy and Lactation, Pediatrics and Geriatrics. Renal and hepatic impairment.Drug - Drug interactions and Drug - food interactions, Adverse Drug reactions.Medication History, interview and Patient counseling.

6. Pharmaceutical analysis: Principles, instrumentation and applications of the following: Absorption spectroscopy (UV, visible & IR). Fluorimetry, Flame photometry, Potentiometry.Conductometry and Polarography.Pharmacopoeial assays. Principles of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy.X-ray diffraction analysis and different chromatographic methods.

7. Biochemistry: Biochemical role of hormones, Vitamins, Enzymes, Nucleic acids, Bioenergetics. General principles of immunology.Immunological.Metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids, proteins.Methods to determine, kidney & liver function.Lipid profiles.

8. Pharmaceutical jurisprudence: Drugs and cosmetics Act and rules with respect to manufacture, sales and storage. Pharmacy Act.Pharmaceutical ethics.

9. Microbiology: Principles and methods of microbiological assays of the Pharmacopoeia. Methods of preparation of official sera and vaccines.Serological and diagnostics tests.Applications of microorganisms in Bio Conversions and in Pharmaceutical industry.

Section D
South and Central Asian Studies

1. Political system of India: Constitutional framework and governmental structure, relationship between centre and state governments, legislature, executive and judiciary, political theory: history and ideology, political parties and pressure groups, national security system.

2. Indian history: Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian History, nature of Indian society, Economy, polity, Religion. Culture and Social movements, Administrative institutions, Modern Indian History, Colonialism, socio-cultural developments, Nationalism, Freedom movement, Post Independent India, Globalization and contemporary History.

3. World history: French revolution, Russian revolution, First world war, Vienna Convention, League of Nations, Rise of Germany, Japan and Italy, Second world war, the United Nations and its organs, Cold war, disintegration of Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Central Asia.

4. Economic development: Factors, determinants, approaches and models of growth and development, Indian economy, economic indicators, national income, agriculture, industry, taxes, money and banking, international trade, micro and macroeconomics and globalization.

5. Physical setting: Geographical factors, natural resources, geomorphology, climatology, oceanography, economic, political and population geography, geographical thought, regional planning and cartography.

6. Foreign policy: Ideology, bases and role as regional and international players, economic, political and nuclear foreign policies.

7. Alliances and alignments in South Asian Countries: Concept, features and Organizational relations SAARC, ASEAN etc.

Section E
Comparative Literature

1. Literary Genres: Fiction and non-fiction (traditional and modern classification); autobiography, biography, diary, drama, essay, novel, poetry, prose, short story etc; types and sub-types.

2. Comparative Literature: Definition, scope, aims and objectives; key terms, literary historiography, myth, motif etc; major works and theorists.

3. Literary trends and literary movements: Aestheticism, modernism and post-modernism, mysticism, naturalism, progressivism, realism, revolutionary literature, romanticism.

4. Literary theories and criticism: Basic terms (Indian and western theories); great contributors and major works; rasa, riti, vakrokati, dhavni, alankara and auchitya school; existentialism, formalism, feminism, marxism, post-structuralism, psycho-analysis, structuralism.

5. Knowledge of famous authors and texts: From Indian and foreign literature, world literary classics.

6. Linguistics and translation: Linguistics: definition and scope; concepts/aspects of linguistic study; grammar; definitions of morphology, phonology, phonetics, syntax, semantics, lexicography. Translation: Definition, purpose, scope, role, use and problems of translation.

7. Awareness of current literary events, activities, awards etc.

Section F
Development Economics

1. Micro Economics: Demand analysis including pragmatic approaches; Theories of production, Cost and revenue; equilibrium in perfect competition, Monopoly, monopolistic competition, Oligopoly, Macro theories of Distribution, Pareto optimality and its conditions, Theory of Second Best, Arrow's impossibility theorem.

2. Macro Economics: The classical and Keynesian models of income determination, Equilibrium in product and money markets (fixed and flexible Prices), Theories of income-consumption relationship, High powered money and money multiplier, Demand for money, Theories of Schumpeter, Kaldor, Samuelson and Hicks Model on business cycles, Philips curve analysis, Samuelson and Solow: the natural rate of unemployment hypothesis.

3. Mathematics and Statistics: Rules of partial differential and interpretation of partial derivatives; Homogeneous functions and Euler’s Theorem, Problem of maxima and minima in single and multivariable (up to 3) functions; Application of integration to consumer’s surplusand producer’s surplus, Partial and multiple correlation and regression, Properties of binomial, Poisson and normal distributions, Different laws of probability and its theories.

4. Developmental Economics: Growth models: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Meade, Joan Robinson. technological progress-Hicks, Harrod, Learning by doing, Production function approaches, Total factor productivity, Kaldor and Pasinetti, Unlimited supply of labour (Lewis, Ranis and Fei and Jorgenson models), Big push, Balanced growth, Unbalanced growth, Critical minimum efforts thesis, Low level Equilibrium trap, Investment criteria - Rationale and types, Choice of technique-SenDobb thesis, Transfer of technology, Project evaluation-Cost-benefit analysis, Shadow Prices.

5. Public Finance and International Economics: Taxation and tax reforms in India, Performance of public expenditure, Public debt and public budget in India, Union-State financial relations in India.Theories of international trade, Terms of trade, Theory of tariffs and non-tariff barriers; Determination of exchange rate (PPP, monetary, portfolio, and balance of payments), Collapse of Bretton Woods system and emergence of WTO, Rationale and economic progress of SAARC/SAPTA and ASEAN regions.

6. Indian Economic Development: Priorities and basic strategy, Achievement and failures of Economic planning, Recent Five Year plans, Terms of trade between agriculture And industry, Rural credit and marketing, W.T.O. and Indian agriculture, Performance of industrial sector, New Economic policy: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization and Changing profile of public sector, Issues in disinvestments, Fiscal and financial sector reforms, Foreign capital in India, Recommendations of the latest Finance Commission, Monetary and fiscal policies, W.T.O. and Indian economy: challenges and opportunities.